Radience

DNA, RNA and Proteins

Science

anticodon

a group of three bases on a tRNA molecule that is complementary to three bases on an mRNA codon
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base pairing rule

states that in DNA, guanine bonds with cytosine and adenine bonds with thymine
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cell differentiation

the change in the structure of a cell for a specialized function
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codon

a set of three bases in DNA or RNA, it codes for a single amino acid
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DNA

deoxyribonucleic acid or ‘DNA’, carries an organism's genetic information
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DNA polymerase

an enzyme involved in DNA formation, it creates bonds between nucleotides
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double helix

the twisted ladder shape of a DNA molecule
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exon

a DNA sequence that codes part of the final mRNA
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frameshift mutation

a mutation that adds or deletes a base, and shifts the DNA sequence
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gene

the part of a chromosome that contains the DNA for a specific trait
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histone

the protein around which DNA wraps
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intron

a DNA sequence that does not code for any amino acid
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messenger RNA

RNA that transfers information from DNA in the nucleus to the cytoplasm, to make proteins
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mutagen

an agent that can cause DNA mutations, like radioactivity
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mutation

a change in a cell’s DNA
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nucleotide

a nucleic acid sub unit that consists of a sugar, phosphate, and a nitrogenous base
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operon

a section of DNA that contains the code to begin and regulate transcription, and build a protein
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point mutation

a gene mutation caused by a change in a single DNA base pair
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polyploidy

a condition where an organism has extra sets of chromosomes
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promoter

a region of DNA which tells an enzyme where to bind, to make RNA
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replication

the process of copying DNA before cell division
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ribosomal RNA

the RNA that combines with proteins to form ribosomes
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RNA

ribonucleic acid or RNA, a molecule that aids in protein synthesis
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RNA polymerase

an enzyme that forms a strand of RNA using a DNA template
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transcription

the process by which RNA is created using a strand of DNA as a template
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transfer RNA

RNA that carries amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis
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translation

the process by which mRNA is decoded into the amino acid sequence of a protein
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