Radience

Meiosis and Mendel

Science

allele

an alternate form of a gene for a specific trait
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crossing over

the exchange of genetic material between similar chromosomes during meiosis
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diploid

a cell that has two sets of chromosomes
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dominant trait

a trait of an allele that masks the other trait
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fertilization

when a male reproductive cell (sperm) joins with a female reproductive cell (egg)
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gamete

a sex cell, like an egg or sperm
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gene

the part of a chromosome that contains the DNA for a specific trait
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genetics

the study of how traits are passed from parents to offspring
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genotype

the entire genetic make up of an organism
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haploid

a cell that has only one set of chromosomes
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heredity

the passing of traits from parent to offspring
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heterozygous

two different alleles for a trait
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homologous chromosome

a chromosome with the same structure and gene sequence
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homozygous

two identical alleles for a trait
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hybrid

the offspring of parents that have different forms of a trait
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law of independent assortment

states that genes for different traits are inherited independently of each other
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law of segregation

states that every organism has two alleles for each trait, these alleles separate in meiosis
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meiosis

the process in cell division where the number of chromosomes is halved
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phenotype

the observable characteristics of an organism
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probability

the likelihood that an event will occur
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punnett square

a model that predicts offspring
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recessive trait

a trait that is masked from a dominant allele
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sexual reproduction

the production of offspring from two parents
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sperm

the sex cell produced in male reproductive organs
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trait

any characteristic of an organism
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zygote

the cell formed when a sperm fertilizes an egg
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