Revolutions in Europe and Latin America 1790-1850

An area of a country that has a self-governance. autonomy. Autonomy is when a region or group has the power to govern itself independently from external control.

Ethnic groups which originated from mixing between European with non-European peoples. Creole. Creole refers to cultures and languages that developed from the blending of European and non-European influences during the colonial era.

The founder and first ruler of the Empire of Brazil. Dom Pedro. Dom Pedro was the first emperor of Brazil, who declared its independence from Portugal in 1822.

A Mexican priest and revolutionary rebel leader, Father Jose Morelos. He was a key figure in Mexico's fight for independence from Spanish rule.

A Spanish priest and leader of the Mexican War of Independence against Spain. Father Miguel Hidalgo. He is known as the father of Mexican independence for initiating the revolt against Spanish rule in 1810.

A set of beliefs and values attributed to a person or group of persons. Ideology. In history, an ideology is a collection of ideas and beliefs that shape how societies are organized and governed.

A leader of the southern and central parts of South America's war of independence, Jose de San Martin. Jose de San Martin was a key figure who helped achieve independence for Argentina, Chile, and Peru from Spanish rule.

A Hungarian politician and Governor-President of the Kingdom of Hungary. Louis Kossuth. He was a key figure in Hungary's struggle for independence from the Austrian Empire in the mid-19th century.

King of the French and the last king of France. Louis Philippe. He was the king from 1830 to 1848 during the July Monarchy.

A person of combined European and Indigenous American descent is called a mestizo. Historically, mestizos emerged in Latin America during the colonial period, resulting from the mixing of European settlers and Indigenous populations.

A people who are born of one white and one black parent. Mulatto. Historically, "mulatto" was used to describe individuals of mixed African and European ancestry.

The first president of France and the last French monarch. Napoleon III. Napoleon III was the first president of France who later became the emperor, marking the end of monarchy in France after his reign.

A high rank Spaniard residing in the New World. Peninsulares. Peninsulares were Spaniards born in Spain who held the top social and political positions in the colonies of the New World.

A political group with intent of fundamental societal change. Radicals. Radicals are people who advocate for drastic changes to society and politics, often seen in major historical movements like the French Revolution.

A general decline in economic activity. Recession. A recession is a period in history when the economy slows down, leading to less spending, job losses, and lower production.

A military and political leader who liberated many countries from Spain in South America. Simon Bolivar. He was a key figure in South America's fight for independence from Spanish rule.

A Haitian general and best-known leader of the Haitian Revolution, Toussaint L Ouverture. Toussaint L Ouverture was a key figure who helped lead enslaved people to fight for and achieve Haiti's independence from French colonial rule.

A form of voting rights in which all adult males are allowed to vote universal manhood suffrage. It is when all adult men, regardless of wealth or status, were given the right to vote in elections.